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27. Чекбокс

Чекбоксы в HTML используются для создания элементов формы, которые позволяют пользователям выбирать один или несколько параметров из предложенных. В этом уроке мы рассмотрим, как использовать чекбоксы, их атрибуты и применение, а также предложим тестовое задание для закрепления материала.

Основы чекбоксов

Создание чекбокса

Чекбоксы создаются с помощью тега <input> с атрибутом type="checkbox".

				
					<form>
  <p>Выберите свои увлечения:</p>
  <input type="checkbox" id="hobby1" name="hobby" value="reading">
  <label for="hobby1">Чтение</label><br>
  
  <input type="checkbox" id="hobby2" name="hobby" value="traveling">
  <label for="hobby2">Путешествия</label><br>
  
  <input type="checkbox" id="hobby3" name="hobby" value="sports">
  <label for="hobby3">Спорт</label><br>
</form>

Атрибуты чекбоксов

Основные атрибуты

  • name: имя поля, по которому данные будут отправлены на сервер.
  • value: значение, которое будет отправлено, если чекбокс выбран.
  • checked: устанавливает чекбокс как выбранный по умолчанию.
  • disabled: делает чекбокс недоступным для выбора.

Пример использования атрибутов

				
					<form>
  <input type="checkbox" id="newsletter" name="newsletter" value="yes" checked>
  <label for="newsletter">Подписаться на рассылку</label>
</form>

Примеры использования чекбоксов

Пример 1: Форма предпочтений

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="ru">
<head>
  
  <title>Предпочтения</title>
</head>
<body>
  <form action="/submit-preferences" method="POST">
    <p>Выберите ваши любимые жанры музыки:</p>
    
    <input type="checkbox" id="rock" name="genre" value="rock">
    <label for="rock">Рок</label><br>
    
    <input type="checkbox" id="pop" name="genre" value="pop">
    <label for="pop">Поп</label><br>
    
    <input type="checkbox" id="jazz" name="genre" value="jazz">
    <label for="jazz">Джаз</label><br>
    
    <input type="checkbox" id="classical" name="genre" value="classical">
    <label for="classical">Классическая музыка</label><br>
    
    <input type="submit" value="Отправить">
  </form>
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</html>

Пример 2: Форма регистрации

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="ru">
<head>
  
  <title>Регистрация</title>
</head>
<body>
  <form action="/register" method="POST">
    <label for="username">Имя пользователя:</label>
    <input type="text" id="username" name="username" required><br>

    <label for="password">Пароль:</label>
    <input type="password" id="password" name="password" required><br>

    <input type="checkbox" id="agree" name="agree" value="yes" required>
    <label for="agree">Я согласен с условиями использования</label><br>

    <input type="submit" value="Зарегистрироваться">
  </form>
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Распространенные ошибки

1. Отсутствие атрибута name

Без атрибута name данные поля не будут отправлены на сервер.

				
					<!-- Неправильно -->
<input type="checkbox" id="subscribe" value="yes">

<!-- Правильно -->
<input type="checkbox" id="subscribe" name="subscribe" value="yes">

2. Отсутствие атрибута value

Атрибут value должен быть указан, чтобы знать, какое значение отправляется при выборе чекбокса.

				
					<!-- Неправильно -->
<input type="checkbox" id="newsletter" name="newsletter">

<!-- Правильно -->
<input type="checkbox" id="newsletter" name="newsletter" value="yes">

3. Забытие атрибута checked

Если необходимо, чтобы чекбокс был выбран по умолчанию, используйте атрибут checked.

				
					<!-- Неправильно -->
<input type="checkbox" id="agree" name="agree" value="yes">

<!-- Правильно -->
<input type="checkbox" id="agree" name="agree" value="yes" checked>

Заключение

В этом уроке мы рассмотрели, как использовать чекбоксы в HTML, их атрибуты и примеры использования. Чекбоксы позволяют пользователям выбирать один или несколько параметров из предложенных вариантов, что делает формы более интерактивными и гибкими.

Тестовое задание

Создайте веб-страницу, которая содержит форму с следующими элементами:

  1. Чекбокс для подписки на рассылку.
  2. Группу чекбоксов для выбора предпочтений по типу отдыха (например, пляж, горы, город).
  3. Кнопку для отправки формы.
				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="ru">
<head>
  
  <title>Форма предпочтений</title>
</head>
<body>
  <form action="/submit-preferences" method="POST">
    <p>Подписаться на рассылку:</p>
    <input type="checkbox" id="subscribe" name="subscribe" value="yes">
    <label for="subscribe">Да, я хочу получать новости и обновления</label><br>

    <p>Выберите предпочтения по типу отдыха:</p>
    <input type="checkbox" id="beach" name="vacation" value="beach">
    <label for="beach">Пляж</label><br>
    
    <input type="checkbox" id="mountains" name="vacation" value="mountains">
    <label for="mountains">Горы</label><br>
    
    <input type="checkbox" id="city" name="vacation" value="city">
    <label for="city">Город</label><br>

    <input type="submit" value="Отправить">
  </form>
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