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1. HTML разметка

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) — это язык разметки, используемый для создания веб-страниц. HTML определяет структуру веб-контента с помощью элементов и тегов. В этом уроке мы изучим основные элементы HTML, как правильно их использовать и какие распространённые ошибки следует избегать.

Основные теги HTML

1. Тег `<!DOCTYPE html>`

Этот тег указывает на тип документа и версию HTML. В большинстве современных веб-страниц используется следующая строка:

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>

2. Тег `<html>`

Тег <html> является контейнером для всего содержимого веб-страницы. Он начинается с <html> и заканчивается </html>:

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <!-- Содержимое страницы -->
</html>

3. Тег `<head>`

Внутри тега <head> размещаются метаданные, такие как заголовок страницы, ссылки на стили и скрипты:

				
					<head>
  <title>Моя первая веб-страница</title>
  
</head>

4. Тег `<body>`

Внутри тега <body> размещается всё видимое содержимое веб-страницы:

				
					<body>
  <h1>Привет, мир!</h1>
  <p>Это мой первый параграф.</p>
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5. Основные теги для структурирования контента

Заголовки (`<h1>` — `<h6>`)

Заголовки используются для создания заголовков различных уровней:

				
					<h1>Заголовок первого уровня</h1>
<h2>Заголовок второго уровня</h2>

Параграфы (`<p>`)

Параграфы используются для создания текста:

				
					<p>Это пример параграфа.</p>

Ссылки (`<a>`)

Ссылки используются для перехода на другие страницы или ресурсы:

				
					<a href="https://www.example.com">Перейти на Example</a>

Изображения (`<img>`)

Изображения добавляются с помощью тега <img>, который не имеет закрывающего тега:

				
					<img decoding="async" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%200%200'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="Описание изображения" data-lazy-src="image.jpg"><noscript><img decoding="async" src="image.jpg" alt="Описание изображения"></noscript>

Распространённые ошибки

1.Неправильное закрытие тегов

Каждый открывающий тег (кроме одиночных тегов) должен иметь соответствующий закрывающий тег:

				
					<p>Текст параграфа</p>

2.Отсутствие обязательных атрибутов

Некоторые теги требуют обязательные атрибуты. Например, тег <img> требует атрибут src:

				
					<img decoding="async" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%200%200'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="Описание изображения" data-lazy-src="image.jpg"><noscript><img decoding="async" src="image.jpg" alt="Описание изображения"></noscript>

3.Использование устаревших тегов

Не используйте устаревшие теги, такие как <center> и <font>. Вместо этого используйте CSS для стилизации.

Отсутствие метатега <meta charset="UTF-8">

Не забывайте добавлять метатег для указания кодировки:

				
					<head>
  
</head>

Заключение

В этом уроке мы рассмотрели основные теги HTML и их правильное использование. Понимание основ HTML — первый шаг к созданию веб-страниц. Избегайте распространённых ошибок и следите за актуальными стандартами.

Тестовое задание

Создайте простую веб-страницу, содержащую следующие элементы:

Заголовок первого уровня с текстом «Моя первая веб-страница».
Параграф с описанием.
Ссылку, ведущую на ваш любимый сайт.
Изображение с описанием.

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  
  <title>Моя первая веб-страница</title>
</head>
<body>
  <h1>Моя первая веб-страница</h1>
  <p>Это описание моей первой веб-страницы. Я учусь создавать HTML-разметку.</p>
  <a href="https://www.example.com">Перейти на Example</a>
  <img decoding="async" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%200%200'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="Описание изображения" data-lazy-src="image.jpg"><noscript><img decoding="async" src="image.jpg" alt="Описание изображения"></noscript>
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Регистрация

Вход

Поиск

1. HTML разметка

Основные теги HTML

1. Тег `<!DOCTYPE html>`

2. Тег `<html>`

3. Тег `<head>`

4. Тег `<body>`

5. Основные теги для структурирования контента

Заголовки (`<h1>` — `<h6>`)

Параграфы (`<p>`)

Ссылки (`<a>`)

Изображения (`<img>`)

Распространённые ошибки

Заключение

Тестовое задание

Регистрация

Вход

Поиск

1. HTML разметка

Основные теги HTML

1. Тег <!DOCTYPE html>

2. Тег <html>

3. Тег <head>

4. Тег <body>

5. Основные теги для структурирования контента

Заголовки (<h1> — <h6>)

Параграфы (<p>)

Ссылки (<a>)

Изображения (<img>)

Распространённые ошибки

Заключение

Тестовое задание

1. Тег `<!DOCTYPE html>`

2. Тег `<html>`

3. Тег `<head>`

4. Тег `<body>`

Заголовки (`<h1>` — `<h6>`)

Параграфы (`<p>`)

Ссылки (`<a>`)

Изображения (`<img>`)