Главная страница » CSS » 11. Выравнивание текста

11. Выравнивание текста

Выравнивание текста в CSS позволяет контролировать, как текст располагается внутри элементов на веб-странице. Правильное выравнивание текста улучшает читаемость и общий внешний вид страницы. В CSS существует несколько свойств и методов для управления выравниванием текста.

Основные свойства для выравнивания текста

text-align: Это основное свойство для выравнивания текста внутри блока. Оно управляет выравниванием текста по горизонтали.

				
					p {
    text-align: left; /* Выравнивание текста по левому краю */
}

Значения text-align:

left — выравнивание текста по левому краю.
right — выравнивание текста по правому краю.
center — выравнивание текста по центру.
justify — выравнивание текста по ширине (текст выравнивается по левому и правому краю).

Примеры:

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <style>
        .left-align {
            text-align: left;
        }
        .center-align {
            text-align: center;
        }
        .right-align {
            text-align: right;
        }
        .justify-align {
            text-align: justify;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <p class="left-align">Этот текст выровнен по левому краю.</p>
    <p class="center-align">Этот текст выровнен по центру.</p>
    <p class="right-align">Этот текст выровнен по правому краю.</p>
    <p class="justify-align">Этот текст выровнен по ширине. Обратите внимание, что слова будут растягиваться так, чтобы текст заполнял всю ширину блока.</p>
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text-indent: Это свойство используется для создания отступа в начале первой строки текста.

				
					p {
    text-indent: 20px; /* Отступ первой строки на 20 пикселей */
}

Пример:

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <style>
        .indent {
            text-indent: 30px; /* Отступ первой строки на 30 пикселей */
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <p class="indent">Этот абзац имеет отступ первой строки на 30 пикселей.</p>
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href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Abril+FatFace%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAlegreya%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAlegreya+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAmatic+SC%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAnonymous+Pro%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CArchitects+Daughter%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CArchivo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CArchivo+Narrow%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAsap%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CBarlow%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CBioRhyme%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CBonbon%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCabin%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCairo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCardo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CChivo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CConcert+One%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCormorant%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCrimson+Text%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CEczar%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CExo+2%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CFira+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CFjalla+One%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CFrank+Ruhl+Libre%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CGreat+Vibes%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i&#038;ver=6.6.2' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='mailpoet_custom_fonts_1-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Heebo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CIBM+Plex%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CInconsolata%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CIndie+Flower%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CInknut+Antiqua%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CInter%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CKarla%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CLibre+Baskerville%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CLibre+Franklin%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CMontserrat%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNeuton%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNotable%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNothing+You+Could+Do%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNoto+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNunito%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7COld+Standard+TT%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7COxygen%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CPacifico%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CPoppins%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CProza+Libre%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CPT+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CPT+Serif%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CRakkas%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CReenie+Beanie%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CRoboto+Slab%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i&#038;ver=6.6.2' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='mailpoet_custom_fonts_2-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Ropa+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CRubik%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CShadows+Into+Light%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CSpace+Mono%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CSpectral%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CSue+Ellen+Francisco%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CTitillium+Web%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CUbuntu%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CVarela%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CVollkorn%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CWork+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CYatra+One%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i&#038;ver=6.6.2' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-487-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-487.css?ver=1719159596' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-497-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-497.css?ver=1724485504' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-503-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-503.css?ver=1718466482' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-329-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-329.css?ver=1718467092' media='all' /></noscript></body>
</html>

line-height: Это свойство управляет высотой строки текста и может использоваться для улучшения читаемости текста.

				
					p {
    line-height: 1.5; /* Высота строки в 1.5 раза больше размера шрифта */
}

Пример:

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <style>
        .line-height {
            line-height: 2; /* Высота строки в 2 раза больше размера шрифта */
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <p class="line-height">Этот текст имеет высоту строки в 2 раза больше размера шрифта, что делает его более разборчивым.</p>
<noscript><link rel='stylesheet' id='hello-elementor-theme-style-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/themes/hello-elementor/theme.min.css?ver=3.0.2' media='all' /><link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='jet-menu-hello-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/jet-menu/integration/themes/hello-elementor/assets/css/style.css?ver=1724486282' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='sweetalert2-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/plugins/user-registration/assets/css/sweetalert2/sweetalert2.min.css?ver=10.16.7' media='all' /><link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='user-registration-general-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/user-registration/assets/css/user-registration.css?ver=1724486282' media='all' /><link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='user-registration-smallscreen-css' 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href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/swiper/v8/css/swiper.min.css?ver=1724486282' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-pro-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/css/frontend-lite.min.css?ver=3.21.3' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-global-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/global.css?ver=1718118436' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-1850-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-1850.css?ver=1722991623' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-8-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-8.css?ver=1719760051' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-42-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-42.css?ver=1718469014' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='jquery-chosen-css' 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href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Abril+FatFace%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAlegreya%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAlegreya+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAmatic+SC%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAnonymous+Pro%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CArchitects+Daughter%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CArchivo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CArchivo+Narrow%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAsap%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CBarlow%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CBioRhyme%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CBonbon%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCabin%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCairo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCardo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CChivo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CConcert+One%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCormorant%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCrimson+Text%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CEczar%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CExo+2%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CFira+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CFjalla+One%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CFrank+Ruhl+Libre%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CGreat+Vibes%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i&#038;ver=6.6.2' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='mailpoet_custom_fonts_1-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Heebo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CIBM+Plex%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CInconsolata%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CIndie+Flower%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CInknut+Antiqua%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CInter%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CKarla%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CLibre+Baskerville%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CLibre+Franklin%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CMontserrat%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNeuton%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNotable%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNothing+You+Could+Do%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNoto+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNunito%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7COld+Standard+TT%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7COxygen%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CPacifico%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CPoppins%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CProza+Libre%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CPT+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CPT+Serif%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CRakkas%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CReenie+Beanie%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CRoboto+Slab%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i&#038;ver=6.6.2' 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href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-503.css?ver=1718466482' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-329-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-329.css?ver=1718467092' media='all' /></noscript></body>
</html>

text-align-last: Это свойство управляет выравниванием последней строки текста внутри блока с text-align: justify. Оно позволяет задать выравнивание последней строки, которая может не заполнять всю ширину блока.

				
					p {
    text-align: justify;
    text-align-last: right; /* Выравнивание последней строки по правому краю */
}

Пример:

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <style>
        .justify-last {
            text-align: justify;
            text-align-last: right;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <p class="justify-last">Этот текст выровнен по ширине. Последняя строка будет выровнена по правому краю.</p>
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Выравнивание текста по вертикали

Для выравнивания текста по вертикали в блоках можно использовать несколько свойств:

vertical-align: Это свойство применяется к строчным и встроенным элементам (например, inline, inline-block, table-cell) и управляет их вертикальным выравниванием относительно линии базового текста.

				
					img {
    vertical-align: middle; /* Выравнивание изображения по середине строки */
}

Значения vertical-align:

baseline — выравнивание по базовой линии.
top — выравнивание по верхнему краю.
middle — выравнивание по середине строки.
bottom — выравнивание по нижнему краю.

Пример:

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <style>
        .align-middle {
            vertical-align: middle;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <p>Текст перед изображением <img decoding="async" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%200%200'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="Example" class="align-middle" data-lazy-src="example.jpg"><noscript><img decoding="async" src="example.jpg" alt="Example" class="align-middle"></noscript> Текст после изображения.</p>
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Flexbox: Для более сложного вертикального выравнивания, можно использовать Flexbox. Свойства align-items и align-self помогают выравнивать элементы по вертикали в контейнерах flex.

				
					.container {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center; /* Выравнивание по вертикали по центру */
    height: 200px; /* Высота контейнера для демонстрации выравнивания */
}

Пример:

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <style>
        .container {
            display: flex;
            align-items: center; /* Вертикальное выравнивание по центру */
            height: 200px; /* Высота контейнера */
            border: 1px solid #ccc; /* Для видимости контейнера */
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="container">
        <p>Этот текст выровнен по вертикали по центру контейнера.</p>
    </div>
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Распространённые ошибки

Неправильное использование text-align: Убедитесь, что text-align применяется только к блочным элементам и не используется для выравнивания текста внутри элементов, которые не являются блочными.
Игнорирование высоты строки: Пренебрежение настройкой line-height может сделать текст менее читаемым. Убедитесь, что высота строки подходит для шрифта и размера текста.
Сложные вертикальные выравнивания: При использовании vertical-align с элементами, которые не являются строчными, результаты могут быть непредсказуемыми. Рассмотрите использование Flexbox или Grid для более сложного выравнивания.

Заключение

Выравнивание текста в CSS помогает улучшить читабельность и внешний вид текста на веб-странице. Понимание и использование свойств text-align, text-indent, line-height, и vertical-align поможет создать более профессиональные и привлекательные веб-страницы.

Тестовое задание

Создайте HTML-документ с элементами <h1>, <p>, <div>, <img>, и <button>.
Примените различные свойства для выравнивания текста и проверьте их поведение.
Используйте text-align, text-indent, line-height, и vertical-align для создания отступов, выравнивания текста по центру и верхнему краю.

HTML-документ:

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <style>
        .left-align {
            text-align: left;
        }
        .center-align {
            text-align: center;
        }
        .right-align {
            text-align: right;
        }
        .justify-align {
            text-align: justify;
        }
        .indent {
            text-indent: 20px;
        }
        .line-height {
            line-height: 1.8;
        }
        .container {
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            height: 200px;
            border: 1px solid #ccc;
        }
        .vertical-align {
            vertical-align: middle;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <h1 class="center-align">Заголовок страницы</h1>
    <p class="justify-align indent line-height">Этот текст выровнен по ширине и имеет отступ первой строки и увеличенную высоту строки для лучшей читаемости.</p>
    <div class="container">
        <p>Этот текст выровнен по вертикали по центру контейнера.</p>
    </div>
    <p>Текст перед изображением <img decoding="async" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%200%200'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="Example" class="vertical-align" data-lazy-src="example.jpg"><noscript><img decoding="async" src="example.jpg" alt="Example" class="vertical-align"></noscript> Текст после изображения.</p>
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Выполнив это задание, вы получите практическое представление о том, как управлять выравниванием текста и использовать CSS-свойства для создания профессионального веб-дизайна.

Регистрация

Вход

Поиск

11. Выравнивание текста

Основные свойства для выравнивания текста

Выравнивание текста по вертикали

Распространённые ошибки

Заключение

Тестовое задание