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16. Горизонтальная черта

Горизонтальная черта (или горизонтальная линия) используется в веб-дизайне для разделения различных секций на веб-странице. Это простой способ визуально разделить контент и создать чёткую структуру. В CSS можно настроить горизонтальную черту, используя элемент <hr> и различные CSS-свойства.

Элемент <hr>

Элемент <hr> в HTML представляет собой горизонтальную черту. По умолчанию он отображается как горизонтальная линия, которая занимает всю ширину родительского элемента.

Пример:

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <style>
        hr {
            width: 100%; /* Ширина линии */
            border: 0; /* Убираем стандартные границы */
            height: 1px; /* Толщина линии */
            background-color: #000; /* Цвет линии */
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <p>Текст перед линией</p>
    <hr>
    <p>Текст после линии</p>
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</html>

CSS для настройки горизонтальной черты

Вы можете настроить внешний вид горизонтальной черты с помощью различных CSS-свойств:

  • border: Определяет стиль, цвет и толщину линии.
				
					hr {
    border: 0; /* Убираем стандартные границы */
    border-top: 2px solid #333; /* Верхняя граница — линия */
}
  • height: Задает толщину линии. Обычно используется вместе с border.
				
					hr {
    height: 2px; /* Толщина линии */
    background-color: #333; /* Цвет линии */
    border: none; /* Убираем стандартные границы */
}
  • width: Определяет ширину линии. Может быть задана в пикселях, процентах или других единицах.
				
					hr {
    width: 50%; /* Ширина линии — 50% от ширины родительского элемента */
}
  • margin и padding: Устанавливают отступы вокруг линии для управления её расположением.
				
					hr {
    margin: 20px 0; /* Отступы сверху и снизу */
    padding: 0; /* Нет внутреннего отступа */
}
  • background-color: Цвет фона линии.
				
					hr {
    background-color: #4CAF50; /* Цвет фона линии */
    height: 3px; /* Толщина линии */
    border: none; /* Убираем стандартные границы */
}

Примеры использования

Пример 1: Простая линия

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <style>
        hr.simple-line {
            border: 0;
            height: 1px;
            background-color: #ccc;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <p>Текст перед линией</p>
    <hr class="simple-line">
    <p>Текст после линии</p>
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href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/plugins/jet-search/assets/lib/chosen/chosen.min.css?ver=1.8.7' media='all' /><link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='jet-search-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/jet-search/assets/css/jet-search.css?ver=1724486282' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='google-fonts-1-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto%3A100%2C100italic%2C200%2C200italic%2C300%2C300italic%2C400%2C400italic%2C500%2C500italic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic%2C900%2C900italic%7CRoboto+Slab%3A100%2C100italic%2C200%2C200italic%2C300%2C300italic%2C400%2C400italic%2C500%2C500italic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic%2C900%2C900italic&#038;display=swap&#038;subset=cyrillic&#038;ver=6.6.2' media='all' /><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://codefor.tech/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/css/widget-theme-elements.min.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://codefor.tech/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/widget-icon-list.min.css"><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-416-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-416.css?ver=1724268811' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-471-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-471.css?ver=1722847712' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='prismjs_style-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/css/modules/code-highlight.min.css?ver=1.23.0' media='' /><link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='mailpoet_public-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/mailpoet/assets/dist/css/mailpoet-public.c7ad0042.css?ver=1724486282' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='mailpoet_custom_fonts_0-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Abril+FatFace%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAlegreya%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAlegreya+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAmatic+SC%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAnonymous+Pro%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CArchitects+Daughter%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CArchivo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CArchivo+Narrow%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAsap%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CBarlow%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CBioRhyme%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CBonbon%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCabin%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCairo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCardo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CChivo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CConcert+One%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCormorant%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCrimson+Text%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CEczar%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CExo+2%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CFira+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CFjalla+One%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CFrank+Ruhl+Libre%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CGreat+Vibes%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i&#038;ver=6.6.2' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='mailpoet_custom_fonts_1-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Heebo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CIBM+Plex%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CInconsolata%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CIndie+Flower%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CInknut+Antiqua%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CInter%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CKarla%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CLibre+Baskerville%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CLibre+Franklin%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CMontserrat%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNeuton%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNotable%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNothing+You+Could+Do%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNoto+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNunito%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7COld+Standard+TT%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7COxygen%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CPacifico%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CPoppins%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CProza+Libre%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CPT+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CPT+Serif%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CRakkas%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CReenie+Beanie%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CRoboto+Slab%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i&#038;ver=6.6.2' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='mailpoet_custom_fonts_2-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Ropa+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CRubik%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CShadows+Into+Light%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CSpace+Mono%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CSpectral%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CSue+Ellen+Francisco%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CTitillium+Web%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CUbuntu%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CVarela%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CVollkorn%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CWork+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CYatra+One%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i&#038;ver=6.6.2' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-487-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-487.css?ver=1719159596' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-497-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-497.css?ver=1724485504' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-503-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-503.css?ver=1718466482' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-329-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-329.css?ver=1718467092' media='all' /></noscript></body>
</html>

Пример 2: Двойная линия

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <style>
        hr.double-line {
            border: 0;
            height: 4px;
            background: linear-gradient(to right, #000 50%, transparent 50%) no-repeat;
            background-size: 2px 100%;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <p>Текст перед двойной линией</p>
    <hr class="double-line">
    <p>Текст после двойной линии</p>
<noscript><link rel='stylesheet' id='hello-elementor-theme-style-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/themes/hello-elementor/theme.min.css?ver=3.0.2' media='all' /><link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='jet-menu-hello-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/jet-menu/integration/themes/hello-elementor/assets/css/style.css?ver=1724486282' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='sweetalert2-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/plugins/user-registration/assets/css/sweetalert2/sweetalert2.min.css?ver=10.16.7' media='all' /><link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='user-registration-general-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/user-registration/assets/css/user-registration.css?ver=1724486282' media='all' /><link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='user-registration-smallscreen-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/user-registration/assets/css/user-registration-smallscreen.css?ver=1724486282' media='only screen and (max-width: 768px)' /><link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='user-registration-my-account-layout-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/user-registration/assets/css/my-account-layout.css?ver=1724486282' media='all' /><link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='dashicons-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-includes/css/dashicons.min.css?ver=1724486282' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='hello-elementor-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/themes/hello-elementor/style.min.css?ver=3.0.2' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='hello-elementor-header-footer-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/themes/hello-elementor/header-footer.min.css?ver=3.0.2' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-frontend-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/frontend-lite.min.css?ver=3.21.8' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-6-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-6.css?ver=1718118435' media='all' /><link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-all-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/jet-menu/assets/public/lib/font-awesome/css/all.min.css?ver=1724486282' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-v4-shims-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/plugins/jet-menu/assets/public/lib/font-awesome/css/v4-shims.min.css?ver=5.12.0' media='all' /><link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='jet-menu-public-styles-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/jet-menu/assets/public/css/public.css?ver=1724486282' media='all' /><link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='swiper-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/swiper/v8/css/swiper.min.css?ver=1724486282' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-pro-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/css/frontend-lite.min.css?ver=3.21.3' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-global-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/global.css?ver=1718118436' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-1878-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-1878.css?ver=1722991846' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-8-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-8.css?ver=1719760051' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-42-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-42.css?ver=1718469014' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='jquery-chosen-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/plugins/jet-search/assets/lib/chosen/chosen.min.css?ver=1.8.7' media='all' /><link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='jet-search-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/jet-search/assets/css/jet-search.css?ver=1724486282' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='google-fonts-1-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto%3A100%2C100italic%2C200%2C200italic%2C300%2C300italic%2C400%2C400italic%2C500%2C500italic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic%2C900%2C900italic%7CRoboto+Slab%3A100%2C100italic%2C200%2C200italic%2C300%2C300italic%2C400%2C400italic%2C500%2C500italic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic%2C900%2C900italic&#038;display=swap&#038;subset=cyrillic&#038;ver=6.6.2' media='all' /><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://codefor.tech/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/css/widget-theme-elements.min.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://codefor.tech/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/widget-icon-list.min.css"><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-416-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-416.css?ver=1724268811' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-471-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-471.css?ver=1722847712' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='prismjs_style-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/css/modules/code-highlight.min.css?ver=1.23.0' media='' /><link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='mailpoet_public-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/mailpoet/assets/dist/css/mailpoet-public.c7ad0042.css?ver=1724486282' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='mailpoet_custom_fonts_0-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Abril+FatFace%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAlegreya%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAlegreya+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAmatic+SC%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAnonymous+Pro%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CArchitects+Daughter%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CArchivo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CArchivo+Narrow%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAsap%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CBarlow%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CBioRhyme%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CBonbon%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCabin%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCairo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCardo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CChivo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CConcert+One%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCormorant%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCrimson+Text%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CEczar%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CExo+2%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CFira+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CFjalla+One%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CFrank+Ruhl+Libre%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CGreat+Vibes%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i&#038;ver=6.6.2' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='mailpoet_custom_fonts_1-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Heebo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CIBM+Plex%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CInconsolata%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CIndie+Flower%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CInknut+Antiqua%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CInter%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CKarla%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CLibre+Baskerville%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CLibre+Franklin%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CMontserrat%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNeuton%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNotable%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNothing+You+Could+Do%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNoto+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNunito%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7COld+Standard+TT%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7COxygen%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CPacifico%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CPoppins%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CProza+Libre%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CPT+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CPT+Serif%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CRakkas%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CReenie+Beanie%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CRoboto+Slab%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i&#038;ver=6.6.2' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='mailpoet_custom_fonts_2-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Ropa+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CRubik%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CShadows+Into+Light%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CSpace+Mono%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CSpectral%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CSue+Ellen+Francisco%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CTitillium+Web%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CUbuntu%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CVarela%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CVollkorn%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CWork+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CYatra+One%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i&#038;ver=6.6.2' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-487-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-487.css?ver=1719159596' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-497-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-497.css?ver=1724485504' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-503-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-503.css?ver=1718466482' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-329-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-329.css?ver=1718467092' media='all' /></noscript></body>
</html>

Пример 3: Прерывистая линия

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <style>
        hr.dashed-line {
            border: 0;
            border-top: 2px dashed #888;
            width: 80%; /* Ширина линии — 80% от родительского элемента */
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <p>Текст перед прерывистой линией</p>
    <hr class="dashed-line">
    <p>Текст после прерывистой линии</p>
<noscript><link rel='stylesheet' id='hello-elementor-theme-style-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/themes/hello-elementor/theme.min.css?ver=3.0.2' media='all' /><link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='jet-menu-hello-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/jet-menu/integration/themes/hello-elementor/assets/css/style.css?ver=1724486282' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='sweetalert2-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/plugins/user-registration/assets/css/sweetalert2/sweetalert2.min.css?ver=10.16.7' media='all' /><link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='user-registration-general-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/user-registration/assets/css/user-registration.css?ver=1724486282' media='all' /><link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='user-registration-smallscreen-css' 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</html>

Распространённые ошибки

  1. Игнорирование кроссбраузерности: Некоторые старые браузеры могут не поддерживать все стили, применяемые к элементу <hr>. Проверьте ваш дизайн в разных браузерах.

  2. Недостаточная контрастность: Убедитесь, что цвет линии достаточно контрастен по отношению к фону, чтобы обеспечить хорошую видимость.

  3. Неоптимальное использование: Используйте горизонтальные линии для разделения контента, но не злоупотребляйте ими, чтобы не создать перегруженный дизайн.

Заключение

Горизонтальные черты являются простым, но мощным инструментом для разделения контента на веб-странице. Правильное использование CSS-свойств позволяет настроить внешний вид линии, чтобы она соответствовала стилю вашего сайта и улучшала его визуальную структуру.

Тестовое задание

  1. Создайте HTML-документ с несколькими параграфами текста.
  2. Вставьте горизонтальные линии между этими параграфами и примените различные стили к линиям.
  3. Попробуйте использовать разные значения для свойств border, height, width, background-color, и margin для создания различных эффектов.

HTML-документ:

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <style>
        hr.custom-line {
            border: 0;
            height: 3px;
            background-color: #333;
            margin: 20px 0;
        }
        hr.dashed-line {
            border: 0;
            border-top: 2px dashed #555;
            width: 60%;
            margin: 20px auto;
        }
        hr.double-line {
            border: 0;
            height: 5px;
            background: linear-gradient(to right, #333 50%, transparent 50%) no-repeat;
            background-size: 3px 100%;
            margin: 20px 0;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <p>Текст перед горизонтальной линией.</p>
    <hr class="custom-line">
    <p>Текст после первой линии.</p>
    <p>Текст перед прерывистой линией.</p>
    <hr class="dashed-line">
    <p>Текст после прерывистой линии.</p>
    <p>Текст перед двойной линией.</p>
    <hr class="double-line">
    <p>Текст после двойной линии.</p>
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