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28. Направление Flex-элементов

Направление Flex-элементов определяется свойством flex-direction у flex-контейнера. Оно задаёт основную ось, вдоль которой располагаются flex-элементы, и направление их размещения. Понимание этого свойства позволяет эффективно управлять макетом и создавать гибкие и адаптивные интерфейсы.

Свойство flex-direction

Свойство flex-direction задаёт направление основных осей в flex-контейнере и определяет порядок размещения flex-элементов.

Значения свойства flex-direction:

  1. row

    • Flex-элементы располагаются по основной оси слева направо (по умолчанию).

  2. row-reverse

    • Flex-элементы располагаются по основной оси справа налево.

  3. column

    • Flex-элементы располагаются по основной оси сверху вниз.

  4. column-reverse

    • Flex-элементы располагаются по основной оси снизу вверх.

Примеры использования

Пример 1: flex-direction: row

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <style>
        .container {
            display: flex;
            flex-direction: row;
            background-color: #f0f0f0;
            padding: 20px;
        }
        .item {
            background-color: #add8e6;
            border: 1px solid #000;
            padding: 20px;
            margin: 10px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="container">
        <div class="item">Элемент 1</div>
        <div class="item">Элемент 2</div>
        <div class="item">Элемент 3</div>
    </div>
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</html>

Пример 2: flex-direction: row-reverse

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <style>
        .container {
            display: flex;
            flex-direction: row-reverse;
            background-color: #f0f0f0;
            padding: 20px;
        }
        .item {
            background-color: #add8e6;
            border: 1px solid #000;
            padding: 20px;
            margin: 10px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="container">
        <div class="item">Элемент 1</div>
        <div class="item">Элемент 2</div>
        <div class="item">Элемент 3</div>
    </div>
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href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Abril+FatFace%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAlegreya%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAlegreya+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAmatic+SC%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAnonymous+Pro%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CArchitects+Daughter%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CArchivo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CArchivo+Narrow%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAsap%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CBarlow%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CBioRhyme%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CBonbon%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCabin%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCairo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCardo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CChivo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CConcert+One%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCormorant%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCrimson+Text%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CEczar%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CExo+2%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CFira+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CFjalla+One%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CFrank+Ruhl+Libre%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CGreat+Vibes%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i&#038;ver=6.6.2' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='mailpoet_custom_fonts_1-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Heebo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CIBM+Plex%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CInconsolata%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CIndie+Flower%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CInknut+Antiqua%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CInter%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CKarla%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CLibre+Baskerville%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CLibre+Franklin%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CMontserrat%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNeuton%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNotable%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNothing+You+Could+Do%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNoto+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNunito%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7COld+Standard+TT%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7COxygen%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CPacifico%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CPoppins%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CProza+Libre%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CPT+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CPT+Serif%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CRakkas%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CReenie+Beanie%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CRoboto+Slab%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i&#038;ver=6.6.2' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='mailpoet_custom_fonts_2-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Ropa+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CRubik%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CShadows+Into+Light%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CSpace+Mono%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CSpectral%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CSue+Ellen+Francisco%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CTitillium+Web%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CUbuntu%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CVarela%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CVollkorn%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CWork+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CYatra+One%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i&#038;ver=6.6.2' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-487-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-487.css?ver=1719159596' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-497-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-497.css?ver=1724485504' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-503-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-503.css?ver=1718466482' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-329-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-329.css?ver=1718467092' media='all' /></noscript></body>
</html>

Пример 3: flex-direction: column

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <style>
        .container {
            display: flex;
            flex-direction: column;
            background-color: #f0f0f0;
            padding: 20px;
            height: 400px;
        }
        .item {
            background-color: #90ee90;
            border: 1px solid #000;
            padding: 20px;
            margin: 10px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="container">
        <div class="item">Элемент 1</div>
        <div class="item">Элемент 2</div>
        <div class="item">Элемент 3</div>
    </div>
<noscript><link rel='stylesheet' id='hello-elementor-theme-style-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/themes/hello-elementor/theme.min.css?ver=3.0.2' media='all' /><link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='jet-menu-hello-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/jet-menu/integration/themes/hello-elementor/assets/css/style.css?ver=1724486282' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='sweetalert2-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/plugins/user-registration/assets/css/sweetalert2/sweetalert2.min.css?ver=10.16.7' media='all' /><link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='user-registration-general-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/user-registration/assets/css/user-registration.css?ver=1724486282' media='all' /><link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='user-registration-smallscreen-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/user-registration/assets/css/user-registration-smallscreen.css?ver=1724486282' media='only screen and (max-width: 768px)' /><link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='user-registration-my-account-layout-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/user-registration/assets/css/my-account-layout.css?ver=1724486282' media='all' /><link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='dashicons-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-includes/css/dashicons.min.css?ver=1724486282' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='hello-elementor-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/themes/hello-elementor/style.min.css?ver=3.0.2' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='hello-elementor-header-footer-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/themes/hello-elementor/header-footer.min.css?ver=3.0.2' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-frontend-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/frontend-lite.min.css?ver=3.21.8' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-6-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-6.css?ver=1718118435' media='all' /><link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-all-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/jet-menu/assets/public/lib/font-awesome/css/all.min.css?ver=1724486282' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-v4-shims-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/plugins/jet-menu/assets/public/lib/font-awesome/css/v4-shims.min.css?ver=5.12.0' media='all' /><link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='jet-menu-public-styles-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/jet-menu/assets/public/css/public.css?ver=1724486282' media='all' /><link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='swiper-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/swiper/v8/css/swiper.min.css?ver=1724486282' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-pro-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/css/frontend-lite.min.css?ver=3.21.3' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-global-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/global.css?ver=1718118436' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-1943-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-1943.css?ver=1722992494' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-8-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-8.css?ver=1719760051' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-42-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-42.css?ver=1718469014' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='jquery-chosen-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/plugins/jet-search/assets/lib/chosen/chosen.min.css?ver=1.8.7' media='all' /><link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='jet-search-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/jet-search/assets/css/jet-search.css?ver=1724486282' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='google-fonts-1-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto%3A100%2C100italic%2C200%2C200italic%2C300%2C300italic%2C400%2C400italic%2C500%2C500italic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic%2C900%2C900italic%7CRoboto+Slab%3A100%2C100italic%2C200%2C200italic%2C300%2C300italic%2C400%2C400italic%2C500%2C500italic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic%2C900%2C900italic&#038;display=swap&#038;subset=cyrillic&#038;ver=6.6.2' media='all' /><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://codefor.tech/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/css/widget-theme-elements.min.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://codefor.tech/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/widget-icon-list.min.css"><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-416-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-416.css?ver=1724268811' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-471-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-471.css?ver=1722847712' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='prismjs_style-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/css/modules/code-highlight.min.css?ver=1.23.0' media='' /><link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='mailpoet_public-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/mailpoet/assets/dist/css/mailpoet-public.c7ad0042.css?ver=1724486282' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='mailpoet_custom_fonts_0-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Abril+FatFace%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAlegreya%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAlegreya+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAmatic+SC%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAnonymous+Pro%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CArchitects+Daughter%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CArchivo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CArchivo+Narrow%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAsap%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CBarlow%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CBioRhyme%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CBonbon%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCabin%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCairo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCardo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CChivo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CConcert+One%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCormorant%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCrimson+Text%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CEczar%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CExo+2%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CFira+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CFjalla+One%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CFrank+Ruhl+Libre%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CGreat+Vibes%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i&#038;ver=6.6.2' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='mailpoet_custom_fonts_1-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Heebo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CIBM+Plex%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CInconsolata%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CIndie+Flower%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CInknut+Antiqua%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CInter%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CKarla%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CLibre+Baskerville%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CLibre+Franklin%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CMontserrat%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNeuton%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNotable%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNothing+You+Could+Do%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNoto+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNunito%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7COld+Standard+TT%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7COxygen%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CPacifico%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CPoppins%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CProza+Libre%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CPT+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CPT+Serif%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CRakkas%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CReenie+Beanie%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CRoboto+Slab%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i&#038;ver=6.6.2' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='mailpoet_custom_fonts_2-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Ropa+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CRubik%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CShadows+Into+Light%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CSpace+Mono%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CSpectral%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CSue+Ellen+Francisco%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CTitillium+Web%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CUbuntu%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CVarela%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CVollkorn%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CWork+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CYatra+One%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i&#038;ver=6.6.2' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-487-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-487.css?ver=1719159596' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-497-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-497.css?ver=1724485504' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-503-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-503.css?ver=1718466482' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-329-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-329.css?ver=1718467092' media='all' /></noscript></body>
</html>

Пример 4: flex-direction: column-reverse

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <style>
        .container {
            display: flex;
            flex-direction: column-reverse;
            background-color: #f0f0f0;
            padding: 20px;
            height: 400px;
        }
        .item {
            background-color: #90ee90;
            border: 1px solid #000;
            padding: 20px;
            margin: 10px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="container">
        <div class="item">Элемент 1</div>
        <div class="item">Элемент 2</div>
        <div class="item">Элемент 3</div>
    </div>
<noscript><link rel='stylesheet' id='hello-elementor-theme-style-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/themes/hello-elementor/theme.min.css?ver=3.0.2' media='all' /><link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='jet-menu-hello-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/jet-menu/integration/themes/hello-elementor/assets/css/style.css?ver=1724486282' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='sweetalert2-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/plugins/user-registration/assets/css/sweetalert2/sweetalert2.min.css?ver=10.16.7' media='all' /><link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='user-registration-general-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/user-registration/assets/css/user-registration.css?ver=1724486282' media='all' /><link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='user-registration-smallscreen-css' 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</html>

Распространённые ошибки

  1. Неправильное понимание осей: Основная ось зависит от значения flex-direction. При row и row-reverse основная ось горизонтальная, а при column и column-reverse — вертикальная. Поперечная ось всегда перпендикулярна основной.

  2. Игнорирование flex-direction по умолчанию: Значение flex-direction по умолчанию — row. Если вы хотите изменить направление, убедитесь, что вы явно задаёте это свойство.

  3. Неучёт порядка элементов: При использовании row-reverse и column-reverse визуальный порядок элементов изменяется, но порядок элементов в HTML остаётся тем же, что может влиять на доступность и SEO.

Заключение

Свойство flex-direction предоставляет мощные возможности для управления направлением flex-элементов в flex-контейнере. Понимание этого свойства и его различных значений позволяет создавать гибкие и адаптивные макеты, удовлетворяющие требованиям современных веб-дизайнов.

Тестовое задание

  1. Создайте HTML-документ с контейнером, который использует flex-контейнер для выравнивания элементов.
  2. Примените различные значения для свойства flex-direction.
  3. Создайте несколько примеров с разными комбинациями этих значений и наблюдайте за их влиянием на расположение элементов.

HTML-документ:

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <style>
        .container {
            display: flex;
            flex-direction: column;
            justify-content: space-around;
            align-items: stretch;
            background-color: #f0f0f0;
            padding: 20px;
            height: 400px;
        }
        .item {
            background-color: #ffa07a;
            border: 1px solid #000;
            padding: 20px;
            margin: 10px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="container">
        <div class="item">Элемент 1</div>
        <div class="item">Элемент 2</div>
        <div class="item">Элемент 3</div>
        <div class="item">Элемент 4</div>
    </div>
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Выполнив это задание, вы сможете лучше понять и применить свойство flex-direction для управления направлением flex-элементов в своих проектах, создавая гибкие и адаптивные макеты веб-страниц.
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