Learning to program is a long and difficult journey. Getting to know the syntax of the language is just the initial stage, which is the easiest to pass, but without it it is impossible to move on. This course is dedicated to the basics of programming in Python and lays the foundation for creating full-fledged and meaningful programs.
Python (or, as it is also called, “python”) is a popular and promising language. It is often chosen as the first language to get acquainted with programming. We will study Python from scratch, from the very basics. The first module is a springboard for writing meaningful programs. In it, we will analyze how to give a command to a computer in Python. We will tell you what comments are and why they are needed. Using the example of checking your solutions on the site, we will consider what testing is and how to read the test output. We will explain why you cannot violate the grammar rules of a programming language.
Modern programs are created to serve businesses, help in everyday life and entertainment. But at the heart of their work are still calculations. The simplest and most basic topic in programming is arithmetic. In this module, we will translate arithmetic operations into a programming language, master basic terminology – for example, how an operator differs from an operand. We will talk about the priority of operations. And at the end, we will tell you what a linter is and why it can “swear”.
Text in programming is called “strings”, and this topic is not as simple as it may seem. How to output a phrase that contains both single and double quotes? What is an escape sequence? The module is dedicated to various aspects of writing text – we will experiment with outputting different strings and talk about encoding.
Information can be placed in special “storages” and then used as many times as you like. These storages are called variables, and they help simplify code and reduce unnecessary repetition.
We continue to study strings and their relationship with variables. We examine interpolation, character extraction, slices and more
Python is a strongly typed language with immutable primitive data types. What happens if we try to multiply a number by a string? How does Python know what type of data is in front of it? What is type conversion? You will find answers to these questions in the current module.
To express any arbitrary operation in programming, there is a concept called a “function”. Functions are the building blocks from which programmers build systems. In this module, we will learn how to use already created functions. We will look at the function signature in the documentation and figure out how to use it. We will get acquainted with standard libraries that store thousands of functions. It is impossible to learn all the functions, but every programmer should know where to look for documentation on them.
The data we operate in our programs can have important attributes. In Python, attributes are built right into the language. In addition to static properties, data has methods — functions located inside properties. Properties and methods are the same expressions as variables or function calls, which means they can be combined in any way. These topics are covered in more depth in separate courses dedicated to Python’s object-oriented capabilities. In this module, we’ll learn the basics.
Defining your own functions makes it much easier to write and maintain programs. For example, the ability to define functions allows you to combine complex (composite) operations into one – all the complexity can be hidden behind one simple function. By learning how to write functions, you will take the first step towards building truly useful programs. And we will help you with this. In this module, you will create your first function and learn how to give it a name that any developer will understand.
Logical expressions allow you to answer questions that arise during the program’s operation. Is the user authenticated? Is the subscription paid? Is this a leap year? In this module, we study predicate functions – those that ask and answer a question – whether it is true or false. We will practice writing such functions and move on to more complex logical expressions.
The purpose of a predicate function is to get an answer to a question, but this is usually not enough and a certain action must be performed depending on the answer. If and if-else are Python constructs that allow a programmer to select the required program behavior depending on different conditions: skip some instructions and execute others. We will examine them in practice in this module.
Any code can be repeated tens, thousands, millions of times. In combination with other tools we know – variables and conditions – this opens up many possibilities for building programs and complex systems. Let’s give a simple example. You need to find a specific phrase in a 500-page textbook. You remember the phrase, but not the page number. The simplest (and longest) way is to sequentially look through the pages until you find the right one. Cycles are needed to perform such repetitive actions.
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