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25. Формы в HTML

Формы в HTML позволяют пользователям вводить и отправлять данные на сервер. Они играют ключевую роль в интерактивных веб-приложениях. В этом уроке мы рассмотрим основные элементы и атрибуты форм, их использование и предложим тестовое задание для закрепления материала.

Основы форм в HTML

Элемент `<form>`

Элемент <form> используется для создания формы. Он служит контейнером для различных элементов управления, таких как текстовые поля, кнопки и списки.

Атрибуты элемента `<form>`

action: URL, куда будут отправлены данные формы.
method: HTTP-метод, используемый для отправки данных (GET или POST).
enctype: Тип кодировки данных формы при их отправке (например, multipart/form-data для загрузки файлов).

				
					<form action="/submit" method="POST">
  <!-- Элементы формы -->
</form>

Элементы управления формой

Текстовое поле `<input type="text">`

Поле для ввода текста.

				
					<label for="name">Имя:</label>
<input type="text" id="name" name="name">

Парольное поле `<input type="password">`

Поле для ввода пароля. Введенные символы отображаются как точки или звездочки.

				
					<label for="password">Пароль:</label>
<input type="password" id="password" name="password">

Поле ввода email `<input type="email">`

Поле для ввода email-адреса. Браузер может проверять правильность введенного адреса.

				
					<label for="email">Email:</label>
<input type="email" id="email" name="email">

Текстовая область `<textarea>`

Поле для ввода многострочного текста.

				
					<label for="message">Сообщение:</label>
<textarea id="message" name="message"></textarea>

Радиокнопки `<input type="radio">`

Группа кнопок, из которых можно выбрать только один вариант.

				
					<label>Пол:</label>
<input type="radio" id="male" name="gender" value="male">
<label for="male">Мужской</label>
<input type="radio" id="female" name="gender" value="female">
<label for="female">Женский</label>

Флажки `<input type="checkbox">`

Позволяют выбрать несколько вариантов.

				
					<label>Увлечения:</label>
<input type="checkbox" id="sports" name="hobbies" value="sports">
<label for="sports">Спорт</label>
<input type="checkbox" id="music" name="hobbies" value="music">
<label for="music">Музыка</label>

Выпадающий список `<select>`

Поле с выпадающим списком вариантов.

				
					<label for="country">Страна:</label>
<select id="country" name="country">
  <option value="ru">Россия</option>
  <option value="us">США</option>
  <option value="uk">Великобритания</option>
</select>

Кнопка отправки `<input type="submit">`

Кнопка для отправки данных формы.

				
					<input type="submit" value="Отправить">

Пример формы

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="ru">
<head>
  
  <title>Пример формы</title>
</head>
<body>
  <form action="/submit" method="POST">
    <label for="name">Имя:</label>
    <input type="text" id="name" name="name"><br>

    <label for="password">Пароль:</label>
    <input type="password" id="password" name="password"><br>

    <label for="email">Email:</label>
    <input type="email" id="email" name="email"><br>

    <label for="message">Сообщение:</label>
    <textarea id="message" name="message"></textarea><br>

    <label>Пол:</label>
    <input type="radio" id="male" name="gender" value="male">
    <label for="male">Мужской</label>
    <input type="radio" id="female" name="gender" value="female">
    <label for="female">Женский</label><br>

    <label>Увлечения:</label>
    <input type="checkbox" id="sports" name="hobbies" value="sports">
    <label for="sports">Спорт</label>
    <input type="checkbox" id="music" name="hobbies" value="music">
    <label for="music">Музыка</label><br>

    <label for="country">Страна:</label>
    <select id="country" name="country">
      <option value="ru">Россия</option>
      <option value="us">США</option>
      <option value="uk">Великобритания</option>
    </select><br>

    <input type="submit" value="Отправить">
  </form>
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</html>

Распространенные ошибки

1. Отсутствие атрибутов `name`

Атрибут name обязателен для элементов формы, так как он определяет ключ, по которому будут переданы данные на сервер.

				
					<!-- Неправильно -->
<input type="text" id="name">

<!-- Правильно -->
<input type="text" id="name" name="name">

2. Использование неправильного метода отправки

Выбор между методами GET и POST зависит от типа данных и целей отправки. GET передает данные в URL, POST — в теле запроса.

				
					<!-- Неправильно для передачи пароля -->
<form action="/submit" method="GET">

<!-- Правильно -->
<form action="/submit" method="POST">

Заключение

В этом уроке мы рассмотрели, как создавать формы в HTML, изучили основные элементы управления формой и их атрибуты. Формы играют важную роль в интерактивных веб-приложениях, позволяя пользователям вводить и отправлять данные на сервер.

Тестовое задание

Создайте веб-страницу, которая содержит форму с следующими элементами:

Текстовое поле для имени.
Парольное поле.
Поле для ввода email.
Текстовую область для сообщения.
Радиокнопки для выбора пола.
Флажки для выбора увлечений.
Выпадающий список для выбора страны.
Кнопку для отправки формы.

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="ru">
<head>
  
  <title>Форма для ввода данных</title>
</head>
<body>
  <form action="/submit" method="POST">
    <label for="name">Имя:</label>
    <input type="text" id="name" name="name"><br>

    <label for="password">Пароль:</label>
    <input type="password" id="password" name="password"><br>

    <label for="email">Email:</label>
    <input type="email" id="email" name="email"><br>

    <label for="message">Сообщение:</label>
    <textarea id="message" name="message"></textarea><br>

    <label>Пол:</label>
    <input type="radio" id="male" name="gender" value="male">
    <label for="male">Мужской</label>
    <input type="radio" id="female" name="gender" value="female">
    <label for="female">Женский</label><br>

    <label>Увлечения:</label>
    <input type="checkbox" id="sports" name="hobbies" value="sports">
    <label for="sports">Спорт</label>
    <input type="checkbox" id="music" name="hobbies" value="music">
    <label for="music">Музыка</label><br>

    <label for="country">Страна:</label>
    <select id="country" name="country">
      <option value="ru">Россия</option>
      <option value="us">США</option>
      <option value="uk">Великобритания</option>
    </select><br>

    <input type="submit" value="Отправить">
  </form>
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25. Формы в HTML

Основы форм в HTML

Элемент `<form>`

Атрибуты элемента `<form>`

Элементы управления формой

Текстовое поле `<input type="text">`

Парольное поле `<input type="password">`

Поле ввода email `<input type="email">`

Текстовая область `<textarea>`

Радиокнопки `<input type="radio">`

Флажки `<input type="checkbox">`

Выпадающий список `<select>`

Кнопка отправки `<input type="submit">`

Пример формы

Распространенные ошибки

1. Отсутствие атрибутов `name`

2. Использование неправильного метода отправки

Заключение

Тестовое задание

Регистрация

Вход

Поиск

25. Формы в HTML

Основы форм в HTML

Элемент <form>

Атрибуты элемента <form>

Элементы управления формой

Текстовое поле <input type="text">

Парольное поле <input type="password">

Поле ввода email <input type="email">

Текстовая область <textarea>

Радиокнопки <input type="radio">

Флажки <input type="checkbox">

Выпадающий список <select>

Кнопка отправки <input type="submit">

Пример формы

Распространенные ошибки

1. Отсутствие атрибутов name

2. Использование неправильного метода отправки

Заключение

Тестовое задание

Элемент `<form>`

Атрибуты элемента `<form>`

Текстовое поле `<input type="text">`

Парольное поле `<input type="password">`

Поле ввода email `<input type="email">`

Текстовая область `<textarea>`

Радиокнопки `<input type="radio">`

Флажки `<input type="checkbox">`

Выпадающий список `<select>`

Кнопка отправки `<input type="submit">`

1. Отсутствие атрибутов `name`