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4. Синтаксические ошибки

Синтаксические ошибки в JavaScript возникают, когда код написан неправильно с точки зрения языка. Эти ошибки предотвращают выполнение программы и должны быть исправлены, чтобы код мог работать. В этом уроке мы рассмотрим распространённые синтаксические ошибки и способы их исправления.

Примеры синтаксических ошибок

Пропущенная точка с запятой
Неправильное использование скобок
Пропущенные кавычки
Неправильное использование ключевых слов
Пропущенные фигурные скобки

Пропущенная точка с запятой

В JavaScript инструкции обычно заканчиваются точкой с запятой (;). Хотя JavaScript иногда может корректно интерпретировать инструкции без неё, лучше всегда её использовать.

Неправильно:

				
					let message = "Привет, Мир!"
alert(message)

Правильно:

				
					let message = "Привет, Мир!";
alert(message);

Неправильное использование скобок

Каждая открывающая скобка должна иметь соответствующую закрывающую скобку.

Неправильно:

				
					if (true {
    console.log("Ошибка!");

Правильно:

				
					if (true) {
    console.log("Нет ошибки!");
}

Пропущенные кавычки

Строки должны быть заключены в парные кавычки (одинарные или двойные).

Неправильно:

				
					let message = "Привет, Мир!;

Правильно:

				
					let message = "Привет, Мир!";

Неправильное использование ключевых слов

Некоторые ключевые слова должны использоваться только в определённых контекстах. Например, return может использоваться только внутри функций.

Неправильно:

				
					return "Привет, Мир!";

Правильно:

				
					function greet() {
    return "Привет, Мир!";
}

Пропущенные фигурные скобки

Фигурные скобки используются для группировки блоков кода, таких как тело функции или условного оператора.

Неправильно:

				
					if (true)
    console.log("Ошибка!");
    console.log("Это тоже ошибка!");

Правильно:

				
					if (true) {
    console.log("Нет ошибки!");
    console.log("Это тоже нет ошибки!");
}

Пример: Исправление синтаксических ошибок

HTML с ошибками:

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Синтаксические ошибки в JavaScript</title>
    <script>
        let message = "Привет, Мир!
        alert(message)
        
        if (true {
            console.log("Привет, Мир!");
        
        function greet() {
            return "Привет, Мир!";
        }
        
        return "Это ошибка!";
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Синтаксические ошибки в JavaScript</h1>
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</html>

HTML без ошибок:

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Синтаксические ошибки в JavaScript</title>
    <script>
        let message = "Привет, Мир!";
        alert(message);
        
        if (true) {
            console.log("Привет, Мир!");
        }
        
        function greet() {
            return "Привет, Мир!";
        }
        
        // Вызов функции greet
        console.log(greet());
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Синтаксические ошибки в JavaScript</h1>
<noscript><link rel='stylesheet' id='hello-elementor-theme-style-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/themes/hello-elementor/theme.min.css?ver=3.0.2' media='all' /><link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='jet-menu-hello-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/jet-menu/integration/themes/hello-elementor/assets/css/style.css?ver=1724486282' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='sweetalert2-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/plugins/user-registration/assets/css/sweetalert2/sweetalert2.min.css?ver=10.16.7' media='all' /><link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='user-registration-general-css' href='https://codefor.tech/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/user-registration/assets/css/user-registration.css?ver=1724486282' media='all' /><link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='user-registration-smallscreen-css' 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Распространённые ошибки

Пропущенные точки с запятой: Хотя JavaScript может автоматически вставлять точки с запятой, это может привести к неожиданным результатам.
Неправильное использование скобок и кавычек: Убедитесь, что каждая открывающая скобка и кавычка имеет соответствующую закрывающую.
Неправильное использование ключевых слов: Используйте ключевые слова в правильном контексте.

Заключение

Синтаксические ошибки — это одна из самых распространённых проблем, с которыми сталкиваются разработчики. Понимание и умение исправлять эти ошибки помогут вам писать более корректный и рабочий код.

Тестовое задание

Найдите и исправьте синтаксические ошибки в приведённом ниже коде:

				
					let userName = "Алиса;
console.log("Привет, " + userName)

function add(a, b {
    return a + b;
}

if (true) 
    console.log("Нет ошибки!");
    console.log("Это тоже ошибка!");
}

Напишите HTML-документ с подключенным внутренним скриптом, который содержит несколько синтаксических ошибок, а затем исправьте их.

HTML с ошибками:

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Синтаксические ошибки в JavaScript</title>
    <script>
        let number = 10
        const divisor = 2;

        if (number % divisor = 0) {
            console.log(number + " делится на " + divisor);
        } else {
            console.log(number + " не делится на " + divisor;
        }

        for (let i = 1; i <= 5 i++) {
            console.log(i);
        }

        function divide(a, b {
            return a / b;
        }

        console.log("Результат деления: " + divide(number, divisor));
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Синтаксические ошибки в JavaScript</h1>
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</html>

HTML без ошибок:

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Синтаксические ошибки в JavaScript</title>
    <script>
        let number = 10;
        const divisor = 2;

        if (number % divisor === 0) {
            console.log(number + " делится на " + divisor);
        } else {
            console.log(number + " не делится на " + divisor);
        }

        for (let i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
            console.log(i);
        }

        function divide(a, b) {
            return a / b;
        }

        console.log("Результат деления: " + divide(number, divisor));
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Синтаксические ошибки в JavaScript</h1>
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Этот урок поможет вам лучше понять синтаксические ошибки в JavaScript и научиться их исправлять, что является важным навыком для любого разработчика.

Регистрация

Вход

Поиск

4. Синтаксические ошибки

Примеры синтаксических ошибок

Пропущенная точка с запятой

Неправильное использование скобок

Пропущенные кавычки

Неправильное использование ключевых слов

Пропущенные фигурные скобки

Пример: Исправление синтаксических ошибок

Распространённые ошибки

Заключение

Тестовое задание