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5. Арифметические операции

Арифметические операции — это основные математические операции, которые используются для выполнения вычислений в JavaScript. Они включают сложение, вычитание, умножение, деление и другие. В этом уроке мы рассмотрим основные арифметические операторы и их использование.

Основные арифметические операторы

Сложение (+)
Вычитание (-)
Умножение (*)
Деление (/)
Остаток от деления (%)
Инкремент (++)
Декремент (--)
Возведение в степень (**)

Сложение (`+`)

Оператор сложения используется для сложения двух чисел или объединения строк.

				
					let a = 5;
let b = 3;
let sum = a + b; // 8

let str1 = "Привет, ";
let str2 = "Мир!";
let message = str1 + str2; // "Привет, Мир!"

Вычитание (`-`)

Оператор вычитания используется для вычитания одного числа из другого.

				
					let a = 5;
let b = 3;
let difference = a - b; // 2

Умножение (`*`)

Оператор умножения используется для умножения двух чисел.

				
					let a = 5;
let b = 3;
let product = a * b; // 15

Деление (`/`)

Оператор деления используется для деления одного числа на другое.

				
					let a = 6;
let b = 3;
let quotient = a / b; // 2

Остаток от деления (`%`)

Оператор остатка от деления возвращает остаток от деления одного числа на другое.

				
					let a = 7;
let b = 3;
let remainder = a % b; // 1

Инкремент (`++`)

Оператор инкремента увеличивает значение переменной на 1.

				
					let a = 5;
a++; // a становится 6

Декремент (`--`)

Оператор декремента уменьшает значение переменной на 1.

				
					let a = 5;
a--; // a становится 4

Возведение в степень (`**`)

Оператор возведения в степень используется для возведения числа в степень.

				
					let a = 2;
let b = 3;
let power = a ** b; // 8 (2 в степени 3)

Пример: Использование арифметических операторов

Создадим пример, который демонстрирует использование различных арифметических операторов.

HTML:

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Арифметические операции в JavaScript</title>
    <script>
        let a = 10;
        let b = 4;

        console.log("Сложение: " + (a + b)); // 14
        console.log("Вычитание: " + (a - b)); // 6
        console.log("Умножение: " + (a * b)); // 40
        console.log("Деление: " + (a / b)); // 2.5
        console.log("Остаток от деления: " + (a % b)); // 2
        console.log("Возведение в степень: " + (a ** b)); // 10000

        a++;
        console.log("Инкремент: " + a); // 11

        b--;
        console.log("Декремент: " + b); // 3
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Арифметические операции в JavaScript</h1>
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</html>

Распространённые ошибки

Забытые скобки: При использовании нескольких операторов в одной строке, особенно с +, скобки помогают избежать ошибок.

				
					let result = 10 + 5 * 2; // Неправильно, результат будет 20, а не 30
let result = (10 + 5) * 2; // Правильно, результат будет 30

Неправильное использование инкремента и декремента: Важно помнить, что a++ возвращает старое значение, а ++a возвращает новое значение.

				
					let a = 5;
console.log(a++); // 5
console.log(a); // 6

let b = 5;
console.log(++b); // 6

Разделение чисел и строк: Оператор + может вызывать путаницу при сложении чисел и строк.
javascript

				
					let num = 10;
let str = "5";
let result = num + str; // "105", а не 15

Заключение

Арифметические операции являются основой большинства программ на JavaScript. Понимание и правильное использование этих операторов помогут вам выполнять различные вычисления и задачи.

Тестовое задание

Напишите HTML-документ с подключенным внутренним скриптом, который выполняет следующие арифметические операции:
- Сложение двух чисел и вывод результата в консоль.
- Вычитание одного числа из другого и вывод результата в консоль.
- Умножение двух чисел и вывод результата в консоль.
- Деление одного числа на другое и вывод результата в консоль.
- Вычисление остатка от деления двух чисел и вывод результата в консоль.
- Возведение одного числа в степень другого и вывод результата в консоль.

Пример выполнения:

HTML:

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Арифметические операции в JavaScript</title>
    <script>
        let x = 8;
        let y = 3;

        console.log("Сложение: " + (x + y)); // 11
        console.log("Вычитание: " + (x - y)); // 5
        console.log("Умножение: " + (x * y)); // 24
        console.log("Деление: " + (x / y)); // 2.6666...
        console.log("Остаток от деления: " + (x % y)); // 2
        console.log("Возведение в степень: " + (x ** y)); // 512
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Арифметические операции в JavaScript</h1>
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</html>

Этот урок поможет вам освоить основные арифметические операции в JavaScript, что является важным навыком для любого программиста.

Регистрация

Вход

Поиск

5. Арифметические операции

Основные арифметические операторы

Сложение (`+`)

Вычитание (`-`)

Умножение (`*`)

Деление (`/`)

Остаток от деления (`%`)

Инкремент (`++`)

Декремент (`--`)

Возведение в степень (`**`)

Пример: Использование арифметических операторов

Распространённые ошибки

Заключение

Тестовое задание

Регистрация

Вход

Поиск

5. Арифметические операции

Основные арифметические операторы

Сложение (+)

Вычитание (-)

Умножение (*)

Деление (/)

Остаток от деления (%)

Инкремент (++)

Декремент (--)

Возведение в степень (**)

Пример: Использование арифметических операторов

Распространённые ошибки

Заключение

Тестовое задание

Сложение (`+`)

Вычитание (`-`)

Умножение (`*`)

Деление (`/`)

Остаток от деления (`%`)

Инкремент (`++`)

Декремент (`--`)

Возведение в степень (`**`)